如何使用OleDb创buildExcel数据库
我的任务是采取一个Access数据库并创build一个Excel文件，但我似乎无法创build OleDb将使用的Excel文件。
Excel文件名将由运行该工具的工程师提供。 Access数据库中的每个数据表都将成为Excel文件中的一个工作表。
现在，我有一个我不能克服的冲突：如果Excel文件不存在，我不能创build它！
internal const string XL_FMT = "Provider=Microsoft.{0}.OLEDB.{1};Data Source={2};Mode=ReadWrite;Extended Properties=\"Excel {1};HDR={3};IMEX=1;\""; internal DataTable tableNames; internal OleDbConnection oleCon; private string conStr; public OleBase(string connectionString) { conStr = connectionString; // Using the debugger, conStr is: // "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" + // "Data Source=C:\\Users\\cp-jpool\\Documents\\Ecat5.xlsx;" + // "Mode=ReadWrite;Extended Properties=\"Excel 12.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;\"" object[] param = new object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" }; oleCon = new OleDbConnection(conStr); oleCon.Open(); tableNames = oleCon.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, param); } 如果Excel文件不存在，只要我Open()我得到下面的OleDbException：
“ Microsoft Access数据库引擎找不到对象”C：\ Users \ cp-jpool \ Documents \ Ecat5.xlsx“。确保对象存在，并且正确拼写其名称和path名。 Users \ cp-jpool \ Documents \ Ecat5.xlsx“不是本地对象，请检查您的networking连接或联系服务器pipe理员。
那么这个文件不存在吧？ 那么，我试图通过修改我的CTor()来创build它：
public OleBase(string connectionString) { conStr = connectionString; object[] param = new object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" }; oleCon = new OleDbConnection(conStr); if (-1 < conStr.IndexOf(";IMEX=1;")) { string dsString = "Data Source="; int dsIndex = conStr.IndexOf(dsString); string conSub = conStr.Substring(dsIndex + dsString.Length); int firstCol = conSub.IndexOf(';'); string xlPath = conSub.Substring(0, firstCol); if (!File.Exists(xlPath)) { File.Create(xlPath); } } oleCon.Open(); tableNames = oleCon.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, param); }
现在，只要这段代码试图调用OleDbConnection的Open()方法，就会得到这个不同的OleDbException：
“Microsoft Access数据库引擎无法打开或写入文件”，它已经被另一个用户独占打开，或者您需要查看和写入其数据的权限。
我甚至尝试使用StreamWriter创buildExcel文件以使用基本标题填充它：
public OleBase(string connectionString) { conStr = connectionString; object[] param = new object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" }; oleCon = new OleDbConnection(conStr); if (-1 < conStr.IndexOf(";IMEX=1;")) { string dsString = "Data Source="; int dsIndex = conStr.IndexOf(dsString); string conSub = conStr.Substring(dsIndex + dsString.Length); int firstCol = conSub.IndexOf(';'); string xlPath = conSub.Substring(0, firstCol); using (StreamWriter xls = new StreamWriter(xlPath, false, Encoding.UTF8)) { xls.WriteLine("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><?mso-application progid=\"Excel.Sheet\"?>"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Workbook xmlns:ss=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet\" "); xls.WriteLine("xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\" "); xls.WriteLine("xmlns:x=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel\" "); xls.WriteLine("xmlns:ss=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet\">"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Styles>"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Style ss:ID=\"Default\" ss:Name=\"Normal\"><ss:Alignment ss:Vertical=\"Bottom\"/><ss:Borders/><ss:Font/><ss:Interior/><ss:NumberFormat/><ss:Protection/></ss:Style>"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Style ss:ID=\"BoldColumn\"><ss:Font x:Family=\"Swiss\" ss:Bold=\"1\"/></ss:Style>"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Style ss:ID=\"StringLiteral\"><ss:NumberFormat ss:Format=\"@\"/></ss:Style>"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Style ss:ID=\"Decimal\"><ss:NumberFormat ss:Format=\"0.0000\"/></ss:Style>"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Style ss:ID=\"Integer\"><ss:NumberFormat ss:Format=\"0\"/></ss:Style>"); xls.WriteLine("<ss:Style ss:ID=\"DateLiteral\"><ss:NumberFormat ss:Format=\"mm/dd/yyyy;@\"/></ss:Style>"); xls.WriteLine("</ss:Styles>"); xls.WriteLine("</ss:Workbook>"); xls.Flush(); xls.Close(); } } oleCon.Open(); tableNames = oleCon.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, param); }
此代码生成另一个OleDbException消息：
“外部表格不是预期的格式”。
我可以看到，OleDbConnection没有创build文件的方法，那么如何创build这个Excel文件以便我可以使用它呢？
我看了很多在各种网站上发布的代码，并最终去了一个真正有用的版本。
我希望我把这个链接join书签，这样我就可以在这里发布，但是经过这么多失败的尝试后，我似乎停止了跟踪。
无论如何，如果它帮助别人，这里是我结束了（如何使用类是紧随其后）的ExcelWriter类：
public class ExcelWriter : IDisposable { private XmlWriter writer; private static readonly DateTime NODATE = new DateTime(1900, 1, 1); public enum CellStyle { General, Number, Currency, DateTime, ShortDate }; public ExcelWriter(string outputFileName) { if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(outputFileName)) { XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings(); settings.Indent = true; writer = XmlWriter.Create(outputFileName, settings); } else { throw new Exception("Output path not supplied."); } } public void Close() { if (writer != null) { writer.Close(); writer = null; } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Already closed."); } } public static bool HasValue(object obj) { if (obj != null) { if (obj != DBNull.Value) { string txt = obj.ToString(); return (0 < txt.Length); } } return false; } public void WriteStartDocument() { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteProcessingInstruction("mso-application", "progid=\"Excel.Sheet\""); writer.WriteStartElement("ss", "Workbook", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); WriteExcelStyles(); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteEndDocument() { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteEndElement(); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } private void WriteExcelStyleElement(CellStyle style) { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Style", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteAttributeString("ID", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", style.ToString()); writer.WriteEndElement(); } } private void WriteExcelStyleElement(CellStyle style, string NumberFormat) { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Style", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteAttributeString("ID", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", style.ToString()); writer.WriteStartElement("NumberFormat", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteAttributeString("Format", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", NumberFormat); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteEndElement(); } } private void WriteExcelStyles() { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Styles", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); WriteExcelStyleElement(CellStyle.General); WriteExcelStyleElement(CellStyle.Number, "General Number"); WriteExcelStyleElement(CellStyle.DateTime, "General Date"); WriteExcelStyleElement(CellStyle.Currency, "Currency"); WriteExcelStyleElement(CellStyle.ShortDate, "Short Date"); writer.WriteEndElement(); } } public void WriteStartWorksheet(string name) { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Worksheet", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteAttributeString("Name", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", name); writer.WriteStartElement("Table", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteEndWorksheet() { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteEndElement(); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteExcelColumnDefinition(int columnWidth) { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Column", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteStartAttribute("Width", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteValue(columnWidth); writer.WriteEndAttribute(); writer.WriteEndElement(); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteExcelUnstyledCell(string value) { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Cell", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteStartElement("Data", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteAttributeString("Type", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", "String"); writer.WriteValue(value); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteEndElement(); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteStartRow() { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Row", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteEndRow() { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteEndElement(); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteExcelStyledCell(object value, CellStyle style) { if (writer != null) { writer.WriteStartElement("Cell", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); writer.WriteAttributeString("StyleID", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", style.ToString()); writer.WriteStartElement("Data", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"); switch (style) { case CellStyle.General: writer.WriteAttributeString("Type", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", "String"); if (!HasValue(value)) { value = String.Empty; // DBNull.Value causes issues in an Excel cell. } break; case CellStyle.Number: case CellStyle.Currency: writer.WriteAttributeString("Type", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", "Number"); if (!HasValue(value)) { value = 0; } break; case CellStyle.ShortDate: case CellStyle.DateTime: writer.WriteAttributeString("Type", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", "DateTime"); if (!HasValue(value)) { value = NODATE; } break; } writer.WriteValue(value); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteEndElement(); } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } public void WriteExcelAutoStyledCell(object value) { if (writer != null) { //write the <ss:Cell> and <ss:Data> tags for something if (value is Int16 || value is Int32 || value is Int64 || value is SByte || value is UInt16 || value is UInt32 || value is UInt64 || value is Byte) { WriteExcelStyledCell(value, CellStyle.Number); } else if (value is Single || value is Double || value is Decimal) { //we'll assume it's a currency WriteExcelStyledCell(value, CellStyle.Currency); } else if (value is DateTime) { //check if there's no time information and use the appropriate style WriteExcelStyledCell(value, ((DateTime)value).TimeOfDay.CompareTo(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)) == 0 ? CellStyle.ShortDate : CellStyle.DateTime); } else { WriteExcelStyledCell(value, CellStyle.General); } } else { throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot write after closing."); } } #region IDisposable Members public void Dispose() { if (writer != null) { writer.Close(); writer = null; } } #endregion }
例：
以下是如何使用此类将整个DataSet写入Excel工作簿：
/// <summary> /// Saves data to the Access database to the Excel file specified by the filename /// </summary> public void Save(string excelFile) { using (ExcelWriter writer = new ExcelWriter(excelFile)) { writer.WriteStartDocument(); foreach (DataTable table in Dataset.Tables) { writer.WriteStartWorksheet(string.Format("{0}", SafeName(table.TableName))); // Write the worksheet contents writer.WriteStartRow(); //Write header row foreach (DataColumn col in table.Columns) { writer.WriteExcelUnstyledCell(col.Caption); } writer.WriteEndRow(); foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows) { //write data writer.WriteStartRow(); foreach (object o in row.ItemArray) { writer.WriteExcelAutoStyledCell(o); } writer.WriteEndRow(); } writer.WriteEndWorksheet(); // Close up the document } writer.WriteEndDocument(); writer.Close(); } }
我希望别人得到很多用法！
〜的Joep
使用一个模板（已经存在的空excel文件）将该文件复制到新的excel文件中，并使用您需要的名称。 那是你的创造！
我发现了一个工作的解决scheme，就像这样删除IMEX参数：
string connString = String.Format( "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source={0};" + "Extended Properties=\"Excel 8.0;HDR={1}\"", file, (containsHeader ? "Yes" : "No") );
当我尝试Excel 12.0时，它创build一个文件，但我无法在Excel应用程序中打开它。
无论如何，这个东西适用于XLS文件。
要启用对文件的读写操作，可以使用属性：Mode
Provider = Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0; Data Source = EXCELFILENAME; Mode = ReadWrite; Extended Properties ='Excel 12.0 Macro; HDR = YES;'