调用退出后，应用程序不会退出
嘿家伙，我有一个小问题，我似乎无法弄清楚。 我正在保存一个DataGridView（它的内容）到一个xls文件。 除了我的任务pipe理器，我还没有遇到任何问题，它仍然显示它正在运行。 我曾打电话给：
xlApp.Application.Quit() 这被宣布为：
Dim xlApp As New excel.Application
这似乎不起作用，但这是我放弃，当我让用户select将其导出到Word文档的相同方式。 林不知道我要去哪里错了…
这是我完整的代码
Imports Word = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word Imports Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel Public Class Form1 Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load For x As Integer = 1 To 3500 DataGridView1.Rows.Add(New Object() {"r" & x.ToString & "c1", "r" & x.ToString & "c2", "r" & x.ToString & "c3", "r" & x.ToString & "c4", "r" & x.ToString & "c5"}) Next End Sub Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click exportToWord (DataGridView1) End Sub Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Dim xlApp As New Excel.Application Dim xlWorkBook As Excel.Workbook Dim xlWorkSheet As Excel.Worksheet 'Dim misValue As Object = System.Reflection.Missing.Value xlWorkBook = xlApp.Workbooks.Add xlWorkSheet = DirectCast(xlWorkBook.Sheets("sheet1"), Excel.Worksheet) xlApp.Visible = True Dim headers = (From ch In DataGridView1.Columns _ Let header = DirectCast(DirectCast(ch, DataGridViewColumn).HeaderCell, DataGridViewColumnHeaderCell) _ Select header.Value).ToArray() Dim headerText() As String = Array.ConvertAll(headers, Function(v) v.ToString) Dim items() = (From r In DataGridView1.Rows _ Let row = DirectCast(r, DataGridViewRow) _ Where Not row.IsNewRow _ Select (From cell In row.Cells _ Let c = DirectCast(cell, DataGridViewCell) _ Select c.Value).ToArray()).ToArray() Dim table As String = String.Join(vbTab, headerText) & Environment.NewLine For Each a In items Dim t() As String = Array.ConvertAll(a, Function(v) v.ToString) table &= String.Join(vbTab, t) & Environment.NewLine Next table = table.TrimEnd(CChar(Environment.NewLine)) Clipboard.SetText (table) Dim alphabet() As Char = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".ToUpper.ToCharArray Dim range As excel.Range = xlWorkSheet.Range("B2:" & alphabet(headerText.Length) & (items.Length + 2).ToString) range.Select() xlWorkSheet.Paste() range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlDiagonalDown).LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlLineStyleNone range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlDiagonalUp).LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlLineStyleNone With range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeLeft) .LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop) .LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom) .LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight) .LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical) .LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin End With With range.Borders(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal) .LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin End With 'xlApp.Visible = True xlWorkBook.SaveAs("C:\Users\CoDeXeR\Desktop\Word1.xls", True) xlWorkBook.Close() xlApp.Application.Quit() ReleaseObject(xlWorkSheet) '<~~~ Added as per comment from deleted post ReleaseObject (xlWorkBook) ReleaseObject (xlApp) End Sub Public Sub exportToWord(ByVal dgv As DataGridView) ' Create Word Application Dim oWord As Word.Application = DirectCast(CreateObject("Word.Application"), Word.Application) ' Create new word document Dim oDoc As Word.Document = oWord.Documents.Add() Dim headers = (From ch In dgv.Columns _ Let header = DirectCast(DirectCast(ch, DataGridViewColumn).HeaderCell, DataGridViewColumnHeaderCell) _ Select header.Value).ToArray() Dim headerText() As String = Array.ConvertAll(headers, Function(v) v.ToString) Dim items() = (From r In dgv.Rows _ Let row = DirectCast(r, DataGridViewRow) _ Where Not row.IsNewRow _ Select (From cell In row.Cells _ Let c = DirectCast(cell, DataGridViewCell) _ Select c.Value).ToArray()).ToArray() Dim table As String = String.Join(vbTab, headerText) & Environment.NewLine For Each a In items Dim t() As String = Array.ConvertAll(a, Function(v) v.ToString) table &= String.Join(vbTab, t) & Environment.NewLine Next table = table.TrimEnd(CChar(Environment.NewLine)) Clipboard.SetText (table) Dim oTable As Word.Table = oDoc.Tables.Add(oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range, items.Count + 1, headers.Count) oTable.Range.Paste() 'make the first row bold, fs 14 + change textcolor oTable.Rows.Item(1).range.Font.Bold = &H98967E oTable.Rows.Item(1).range.Font.Size = 14 oTable.Rows.Item(1).range.Font.Color = Word.WdColor.wdColorWhite 'change backcolor of first row oTable.Rows.Item(1).range.Shading.Texture = Word.WdTextureIndex.wdTextureNone oTable.Rows.Item(1).range.Shading.ForegroundPatternColor = Word.WdColor.wdColorAutomatic oTable.Rows.Item(1).range.Shading.BackgroundPatternColor = Word.WdColor.wdColorLightBlue ''set table borders 'With oTable.Range.Tables(1) ' With .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderLeft) ' .LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleSingle ' .LineWidth = Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth100pt ' .Color = Word.WdColor.wdColorAutomatic ' End With ' With .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderRight) ' .LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleSingle ' .LineWidth = Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth100pt ' .Color = Word.WdColor.wdColorAutomatic ' End With ' With .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderTop) ' .LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleSingle ' .LineWidth = Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth100pt ' .Color = Word.WdColor.wdColorAutomatic ' End With ' With .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderBottom) ' .LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleSingle ' .LineWidth = Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth100pt ' .Color = Word.WdColor.wdColorAutomatic ' End With ' With .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderHorizontal) ' .LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleSingle ' .LineWidth = Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt ' .Color = Word.WdColor.wdColorAutomatic ' End With ' With .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderVertical) ' .LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleSingle ' .LineWidth = Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt ' .Color = Word.WdColor.wdColorAutomatic ' End With ' .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderDiagonalDown).LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleNone ' .Borders(Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderDiagonalUp).LineStyle = Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleNone ' .Borders.Shadow = False 'End With ' Save this word document oDoc.SaveAs("C:\Users\CoDeXeR\Desktop\Word1.doc", True) oDoc.Close() oWord.Application.Quit() 'oWord.Visible = True End Sub Public Sub exportToExcel(ByVal dgv As DataGridView) End Sub Private Sub ReleaseObject(ByVal obj As Object) Try System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject (obj) obj = Nothing Catch ex As Exception obj = Nothing Finally GC.Collect() End Try End Sub End Class
只是调用.Quit()不会从应用程序中删除应用程序。 完成编码后closures对象是非常重要的。 这确保了所有的对象被正确释放，并且没有任何东西留在内存中。
看到这个例子
Imports Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel Public Class Form1 '~~> Define your Excel Objects Dim xlApp As New Excel.Application Dim xlWorkBook As Excel.Workbook Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click '~~> Add a New Workbook xlWorkBook = xlApp.Workbooks.Add '~~> Display Excel xlApp.Visible = True '~~> Do some stuff Here '~~> Save the file xlWorkBook.SaveAs(Filename:="C:\Tutorial\SampleNew.xlsx", FileFormat:=51) '~~> Close the File xlWorkBook.Close() '~~> Quit the Excel Application xlApp.Quit() '~~> Clean Up releaseObject (xlApp) releaseObject (xlWorkBook) End Sub '~~> Release the objects Private Sub releaseObject(ByVal obj As Object) Try System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject (obj) obj = Nothing Catch ex As Exception obj = Nothing Finally GC.Collect() End Try End Sub Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click Me.Close() End Sub End Class
另外值得一提的是2 DOT规则 。
如果你喜欢从VB.Net自动化Excel，那么你可能也想看看这个链接 。
跟进
问题是我上面提到的2 DOT规则。 当你使用2 DOT规则（例如： Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlDiagonalDown ）时，你必须使用GC.Collect()来做垃圾收集。 所以你需要做的就是添加这个部分
Finally GC.Collect()
在Private Sub ReleaseObject(ByVal obj As Object)
Private Sub ReleaseObject(ByVal obj As Object) Try Dim intRel As Integer = 0 Do intRel = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(obj) Loop While intRel > 0 MsgBox("Final Released obj # " & intRel) Catch ex As Exception MsgBox("Error releasing object" & ex.ToString) obj = Nothing Finally GC.Collect() End Try End Sub
最终代码（试验和testing）
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Dim xlApp As New excel.Application Dim xlWorkBook As excel.Workbook Dim xlWorkSheet As excel.Worksheet Dim xlRange As excel.Range 'Dim misValue As Object = System.Reflection.Missing.Value xlWorkBook = xlApp.Workbooks.Add xlWorkSheet = DirectCast(xlWorkBook.Sheets("sheet1"), excel.Worksheet) xlApp.Visible = True Dim headers = (From ch In DataGridView1.Columns _ Let header = DirectCast(DirectCast(ch, DataGridViewColumn).HeaderCell, DataGridViewColumnHeaderCell) _ Select header.Value).ToArray() Dim headerText() As String = Array.ConvertAll(headers, Function(v) v.ToString) Dim items() = (From r In DataGridView1.Rows _ Let row = DirectCast(r, DataGridViewRow) _ Where Not row.IsNewRow _ Select (From cell In row.Cells _ Let c = DirectCast(cell, DataGridViewCell) _ Select c.Value).ToArray()).ToArray() Dim table As String = String.Join(vbTab, headerText) & Environment.NewLine For Each a In items Dim t() As String = Array.ConvertAll(a, Function(v) v.ToString) table &= String.Join(vbTab, t) & Environment.NewLine Next table = table.TrimEnd(CChar(Environment.NewLine)) Clipboard.SetText(table) Dim alphabet() As Char = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".ToUpper.ToCharArray xlRange = xlWorkSheet.Range("B2:" & alphabet(headerText.Length) & (items.Length + 2).ToString) xlRange.Select() xlWorkSheet.Paste() xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlDiagonalDown).LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlLineStyleNone xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlDiagonalUp).LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlLineStyleNone With xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeLeft) .LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop) .LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom) .LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight) .LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = excel.XlBorderWeight.xlMedium End With With xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical) .LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin End With With xlRange.Borders(excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal) .LineStyle = excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous .ColorIndex = 1 'black .TintAndShade = 0 .Weight = excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin End With xlWorkBook.SaveAs(Filename:="C:\Users\Siddharth Rout\Desktop\Word1.xls", FileFormat:=56) xlWorkBook.Close() xlApp.Quit() ReleaseObject(xlRange) ReleaseObject(xlWorkSheet) ReleaseObject(xlWorkBook) ReleaseObject(xlApp) End Sub Private Sub ReleaseObject(ByVal obj As Object) Try Dim intRel As Integer = 0 Do intRel = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(obj) Loop While intRel > 0 MsgBox("Final Released obj # " & intRel) Catch ex As Exception MsgBox("Error releasing object" & ex.ToString) obj = Nothing Finally GC.Collect() End Try End Sub
我已经使用了多次closures脚本中的EXCEL文档的function，同时隐藏了可见的内容，如果是唯一的工作簿，则closures，否则closures此工作表。 这是我的
Sub ExitWorkBook() Dim wb As Workbook Dim c As Integer c = 0 For Each wb In Application.Workbooks c = c + 1 Next wb If c = 1 Then Application.Quit '--Quit this worksheet but keep excel open. Else Workbooks("(excel workbook name).xls").Close '-- Close Excel End If ' End Sub
For Each w In Application.Workbooks w.Save Next w Application.Quit
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ff839269.aspx
我有同样的问题。 但是，只有在debugging时才会出现问题。 你所需要做的就是
xlWorkBook.Close xlApp.Quit
然后让代码运行。 您可能需要在Button1_Click完成后调用垃圾收集器，但我甚至不需要这样做。 这似乎是通过代码或不让它完全抛弃的东西，离开Excel打开。
请参阅不在VB.net中closures的Excel进程
我解决了这个问题：
Set xlApp = Nothing
您可以检查监视TaskManager。
上述build议没有为我工作，直到我跟上@ SiddharthRout上面的评论。 “ 到今天为止，使用COM对象的正确方法是什么？
它指出com对象引用在debugging器下保持有效。 解决方法是从调用com过程的过程中调用GC。 它为我工作。
从TRY Catch块中的Finally运行GC。
从post by "Govert" on what is the right way to work with COM objects?复制post by "Govert" on what is the right way to work with COM objects?
using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; namespace TestCsCom { Class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // NOTE: Don't call Excel objects in here... // Debugger would keep alive until end, preventing GC cleanup // Call a separate function that talks to Excel DoTheWork(); // Now let the GC clean up (repeat, until no more) do { GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); } while (Marshal.AreComObjectsAvailableForCleanup()); } static void DoTheWork() { Application app = new Application(); Workbook book = app.Workbooks.Add(); Worksheet worksheet = book.Worksheets["Sheet1"]; app.Visible = true; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { worksheet.Cells.Range["A" + i].Value = "Hello"; } book.Save(); book.Close(); app.Quit(); // NOTE: No calls the Marshal.ReleaseComObject() are ever needed } } }
我发现每一个Excel对象的引用实例都必须明确的发布：
xlApp = New Excel.Application xlWorkBooks = xlApp.Workbooks xlWorkBook = xlWorkBooks.Open(Me.txtFilePath.Text) xlWorkSheets = xlWorkBook.Worksheets xlWorkSheet = CType(xlWorkSheets(1), Excel.Worksheet) xlWorkBook.Close() xlWorkBooks.Close() xlApp.Quit() releaseObject(xlWorkSheet) xlWorkSheet = Nothing releaseObject(xlWorkSheets) xlWorkSheets = Nothing releaseObject(xlWorkBook) xlWorkBook = Nothing releaseObject(xlWorkBooks) xlWorkBooks = Nothing releaseObject(xlApp) xlApp = Nothing Private Sub releaseObject(ByVal obj As Object) Try System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(obj) obj = Nothing Catch ex As Exception obj = Nothing Finally GC.Collect() End Try End Sub
请使用这个
Private Sub releaseObject(ByVal obj As Object) Try System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(obj) obj = Nothing Catch ex As Exception obj = Nothing Finally GC.Collect() Try 'Dim MSExcelControl() As Process Dim iID As Integer Dim lastOpen As DateTime Dim obj1(10) As Process obj1 = Process.GetProcessesByName("EXCEL") lastOpen = obj1(0).StartTime For Each p As Process In obj1 If lastOpen < p.StartTime Then iID = p.Id Exit For End If Next For Each p As Process In obj1 If p.Id = iID Then p.Kill() Exit For End If Next Catch ex As Exception End Try End Try End Sub